Eligibility and risk review
Review nationality, family circumstances and relevant personal history. Identify matters requiring specialist assessment before selecting a programme.
Citizenship by Investment
Compare five Caribbean programmes, Türkiye and Vanuatu around your family, budget and travel needs. Understand qualifying investments, screening and attendance requirements before choosing a route.
Start your citizenship enquiry
Share your contact details and citizenship. An adviser will discuss your objectives, family and budget before recommending the next review.
Choose a programme for a clear purpose
A second citizenship can support family planning and travel, but each programme offers different rights, investment commitments and eligibility rules. Compare what it would add to the nationality you already hold, together with the total cost and continuing duties.
Government screening, source-of-funds checks and required interviews are part of the application. A complete file helps the review; approval remains a government decision. Residence, interview, biometric and passport-attendance requirements must be considered separately, even where relocation is not required.
Citizenship does not automatically change tax residence or guarantee a visa to another country. Review your existing nationality rules and any intended onward visa application before committing to an investment.
Programmes to explore
Seven published programmes. These are starting qualifying amounts; the total depends on the route, family composition and additional government, screening and professional charges.
Seven programmes, side by side
An initial comparison, reviewed on 21 October 2026. Thresholds are not complete family budgets. Confirm current eligibility, fees and attendance requirements before making a commitment.
| At a glance |
Vanuatu
|
Dominica
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
Grenada
|
Saint Lucia
|
St Kitts and Nevis
|
Türkiye
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum investment | from $130,000 | from $200,000 | from $230,000 | from $235,000 | from $240,000 | from $250,000 | from $400,000 |
| Main route | DSP contribution; non-refundable | EDF contribution or approved property, with separate fees and holding conditions | NDF contribution, approved property, UWI or qualifying business route | NTF contribution or approved property from $270,000 plus government and other charges | NEF contribution, qualifying bonds, approved property or enterprise investment | SISC or Public Benefit; approved development property from $325,000, with fees | Qualifying property from $400,000 or specified financial routes from $500,000 |
| Processing time | Indicative 2–4 months; documents and passport appointments can add time | Indicative 3–6 months for a complete application; preparation is additional | Plan in months; request a current estimate for the route and family | Documents, screening, interview and investment completion affect timing | Allow several months; current review and passport arrangements affect the total | Screening, interview and biometric steps affect the case timetable | Investment certification comes before residence and citizenship review |
| Family | Spouse and qualifying dependent children or parents | Spouse, eligible children and qualifying dependent parents or grandparents | Eligible spouse and dependants; family composition changes the total | Spouse and qualifying children, parents, grandparents or siblings | Spouse and eligible children, parents or siblings, subject to programme rules | Spouse and qualifying children or parents; dependency rules apply | Spouse and eligible minor children; other dependent-child cases need review |
| Worth knowing | UK and Schengen visas required; in-person passport biometrics | Interview from age 16; property route has additional government fees | Confirm applicable presence and integration duties, including transitional rules | E-2 requires a separate application; relevant domicile and US investment conditions apply | Property thresholds depend on the approved project type; confirm biometric arrangements | Biometric enrolment required; approved property routes have different thresholds | Three-year route-specific commitments; E-2 has separate domicile and visa conditions |
What the citizenship service covers
Agree the work, deliverables, licensed-agent involvement and fees before an application proceeds.
A complete family comparison
Compare qualifying amounts, government and professional fees, attendance, holding periods and continuing duties for the proposed applicants.
An applicant-specific file
Prepare a document checklist for each family member, with translations, legalisation and validity requirements identified.
Source-of-funds preparation
Organise the evidence connecting wealth, the investment funds and the paying account. Government screening may still request further information.
The correct submission route
Coordinate filing through the required authorised channel or licensed agent, with interview and biometric arrangements reviewed for the programme.
Investment and passport steps
Follow the selected route’s sequence. Some investments precede the citizenship filing; contributions and other payments follow the programme’s own stages.
How a citizenship application moves forward
Five stages to plan around. The investment sequence and government timetable depend on the programme.
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01
Review eligibility
Discuss nationality, family, source of funds and relevant background before deciding which programme to investigate.
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02
Compare routes and costs
Review a shortlist with the qualifying amount, additional fees, family rules, attendance and ongoing duties.
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03
Prepare documents and investment
Gather and review the records. Follow the programme’s required investment sequence; Türkiye requires qualifying investment certification before citizenship filing.
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04
Submit and complete checks
Use the required filing channel and complete government checks, interviews and biometric steps where applicable. Respond to requests for information.
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05
Complete the decision and passport steps
If approved, complete outstanding programme payments or formalities, then arrange the certificate, passport and any required enrolment. Record continuing obligations.
Compare citizenship programmes for your family
Discuss your current nationality, family and intended use of a second citizenship. We will help compare eligible routes, the total budget and the steps that require your participation.
Questions about citizenship by investment
What the programmes ask for, what they cost in full, and what a second passport does and does not change.
How do I choose between the programmes?
Compare the additional travel or family rights you need, the total budget, investment risk, holding period and attendance requirements. Your nationality and each family member’s eligibility can narrow the options before price becomes the deciding factor.
How long does it take?
Timelines depend on the programme, document readiness, checks and passport arrangements. Vanuatu is often planned at roughly two to four months, while Dominica publishes an indicative three-to-six-month range for complete applications. Other routes need a current case estimate. Preparation, investment certification and additional government enquiries can extend the total; no approval date is guaranteed.
Do I have to live there, or even visit?
Not relocating does not mean completing every stage remotely. Programmes can require interviews, in-person identity or passport biometrics, and separate presence or integration duties. Vanuatu and St Kitts and Nevis require biometric enrolment, and other passport procedures may also involve travel. Antigua and Barbuda’s applicable presence rules and transitional arrangements should be confirmed in writing before filing.
Who can be included with me?
A spouse and qualifying children can generally be considered, while some programmes also admit eligible parents, grandparents or siblings. Age limits, dependency tests and exclusions differ. Assess every family member individually and obtain a full family calculation rather than assuming that a base contribution covers everyone.
Will I have to give up my current citizenship?
The programmes permit dual nationality, but your current country’s nationality rules must be reviewed separately. The answer can depend on your circumstances and obligations. Confirm the position before applying for another citizenship.
What does due diligence actually look at?
Government checks can examine identity, criminal and immigration history, sanctions, previous refusals and the source of wealth and funds. Interview and screening rules vary by programme and applicant category. Complete disclosure is essential; an adviser’s initial assessment does not replace the government’s review.
Contribution or property — which is better?
A contribution is generally non-refundable. Property requires a qualifying acquisition, additional transaction costs and a holding period that depends on the programme and property route. Future resale price and liquidity are uncertain. Compare the full ownership costs and exit restrictions before choosing an investment.
Does a second passport change my tax position?
By itself, no. Tax residence follows where you actually live and where your life is centred, not which passports you hold. Several of these countries levy no personal income tax, but that only matters if you move there. Citizenship and tax should be planned together, and we will say plainly when a programme does nothing for the question you are really asking.
How does this differ from residency by investment?
Citizenship gives a nationality and a passport outright, held for life and passed to children; residence gives the right to live in a country on the programme's terms, renewed under them, and leads to a passport only after years of lawful residence. The sums are larger here and the checks deeper. If what you want is a European base rather than a second nationality, our residency service sets out that side.
Does citizenship give automatic access to a US E-2 visa?
No. Grenada and Türkiye have an E-2 treaty connection, but a separate US visa application, qualifying US business investment and other conditions apply. Applicants relying on nationality acquired through financial investment must assess the applicable three-year continuous domicile rule and any exception for prior E status. Review the treaty-country guidance and the nationality and domicile provision in 8 USC 1101(a)(15)(E).
Does Vanuatu citizenship allow visa-free Schengen travel?
No. The EU ended Vanuatu’s visa exemption in December 2024. Do not choose the programme on the assumption of visa-free Schengen access. Read the EU Council decision.